Irenaeus of Rome/Lyons on Psalm 45 (c. 180 CE)

a) Haer 3:6 1 Irenaeus attacks the idea promoted by some heretical groups that Christ was someone other than Jesus and refutes their interpretation of select Scriptures with what he puts forward as ‘the correct’ interpretation including - “The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit Thou at my right hand, until I make Thine enemies Thy footstool.” [Ps. cx. 1].Here the [Scripture] represents to us the Father addressing the Son … And again, referring to the destruction of the Sodomites, the Scripture says, “Then the LORD rained upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah fire and brimstone from the LORD out of heaven.” [Gen. xix. 24]. For it here points out that the Son, who had also been talking with Abraham, had received power to judge the Sodomites for their wickedness. And this [text following] does declare the same truth: “Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever; the sceptre of Thy kingdom is a right sceptre. Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity: therefore God, Thy God, hath anointed Thee.” [Ps. xlv. 6] For the Spirit designates both [of them] by the name, of God—both Him who is anointed as Son, and Him who does anoint, that is, the Father.

(b) Haer 3:22 - And it has, in fact, happened that the first compact looses from the second tie, but that the second tie takes the position of the first which has been cancelled. For this reason did the Lord declare that the first should in truth be last, and the last first. [Matt. xix. 30, Matt. xx. 16] And the prophet, too, indicates the same, saying, “instead of fathers, children have been born unto thee.” [Ps. xlv. 17]. For the Lord, having been born “the First-begotten of the dead,” [Rev. i. 5] and receiving into His bosom the ancient fathers, has regenerated them into the life of God, He having been made Himself the beginning of those that live, as Adam became the beginning of those who die.


(c) Haer 4:5 But our Lord is Himself the resurrection, as He does Himself declare, “I am the resurrection and the life.” [John xi. 25]. But the fathers are His children; for it is said by the prophet: “Instead of thy fathers, thy children have been made to thee.”[Ps. xlv. 16] Christ Himself, therefore, together with the Father, is the God of the living, who spake to Moses, and who was also manifested to the fathers.

(d) Haer 4:33:11 begins as a discussion of various wrongheaded heretical opinions starting with Marcion and then progress to the idea that:

For some of them, beholding Him in glory, saw His glorious life (conversationem) at the Father’s right hand [Isa. vi. 1; Ps. cx. 1] others beheld Him coming on the clouds as the Son of man [Dan. vii. 13] and those who declared regarding Him, “They shall look on Him whom they have pierced,” [Zech. xii. 10] indicated His [second] advent, concerning which He Himself says, “Thinkest thou that when the Son of man cometh, He shall find faith on the earth?” [Luke xviii. 8]. … There are also some [of them] who declare, “Thou art fairer than the children of men;” [Ps. xlv. 2] and, “God, Thy God, hath anointed Thee with the oil of gladness above Thy fellows;” [Ps. xlv. 7] and, “Gird Thy sword upon Thy thigh, O Most Mighty, with Thy beauty and Thy fairness, and go forward and proceed prosperously; and rule Thou because of truth, and meekness, and righteousness.” [Ps. xlv. 3, 4] And whatever other things of a like nature are spoken regarding Him, these indicated that beauty and splendour which exist in His kingdom, along with the transcendent and pre-eminent exaltation [belonging] to all who are under His sway, that those who hear might desire to be found there, doing such things as are pleasing to God.