Professor Charles Hedrick, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Missouri State University. He does want me to correct his email to read:
The text seems ambiguous to me. The question is: does Clement only have in mind the falsifications (2:11) which the Carpocratians interpolate into the mystic/secret Gospel (2.10-13) or does he also have in mind the text (SGM/MGM) into which they have interpolated them, which is the mystic/secret gospel?
Note what Clement said in 1.8-11 (where it sounds like he is telling all lovers of truth to lie—when he says that they should not acknowledge what the Carpocratians say is true—even if it actually is true).
I think that the most logical solution is that Clement was DELIBERATELY ambiguous here. Why send a letter which was supposed to instruct Theodore about the Carpocratian claims about Secret/Mystic Mark this way? God knows what Theodore must have thought - unless of course, as I have noted he was initiated into Clement's 'gnostic manner' of speech and could 'read between the lines' in the manner of a World War II spy ...
Otherwise the text is nonsensical. Imagine the Pope writing a position on something that could be taken two ways by two different groups of people. How could that be accidental?
Please visit my webpage exclusively devoted to the origins of Clement's Letter to Theodore a.k.a. "Secret Mark" at
Also my GoFundMe page for retrieving manuscripts from Greek monasteries to compare handwriting to uncover the 18th century scribe who wrote it
$5000 Mar Saba fundraiser39th great grandfather Rashi an acronym for Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki, was a medieval French Jewish scholar who lived from 1040 to 1105. He is best known for his comprehensive commentaries on the Torah, Talmud, and other biblical texts.
38th great grandmother Jochaved bat Solomon married Meir ben Samuel of nearby Ramerupt.
37th great grandfather Rabbeinu Tam, or Rabbi Jacob ben Meir was a leading French Tosafist and one of the most prominent medieval Jewish scholars.
36th great grandmother Fleur de lis Klonymos married Rabbi Yom Tov Ben Yehuda of Falaise in Normandy.
35th great grandfather Rabbi Yehuda ben Yom Tov Treves known for his deep knowledge of Talmudic literature and his contributions to Jewish law. He lived during the late medieval period and was highly regarded in the Jewish communities of Italy.
34th great grandfather Moshe the 1st Treves set the foundation for a tradition of Talmudic scholarship and rabbinical leadership that would be carried on by his descendants particularly in Italy.
33rd great grandfather Rabbi Matityahu Hagadol Treves influential scholar active in France, particularly in the region of Provence.
32nd great grandfather Rabbi Jechiel Treves prominent rabbinic authority, known for his scholarly works and leadership within the Jewish community of France.
31st great grandfather Moshe Porat Ben Yehiel Treves Ashkenazi contributions to Jewish learning and leadership were significant, continuing the legacy of his ancestors in the Ashkenazi tradition.30th great grandfather Rabbi Yosef ben Moshe Treves Ashkenazi respected figure within the Treves family lineage.
29th great grandfather Matityahu II ben Yosef Treves Ashkenazi prominent rabbi known for his dedication to Jewish learning.
28th great grandfather Avraham Ben Matityahu Ashkenazi respected scholar with a deep commitment to preserving and interpreting the rich heritage of his ancestors.
27th great grandfather Rabbi Yochanan Hagadol Ashkenazi Treves prominent figure within the contemporary Ashkenazi Jewish community.26th great grandfather Rabbi Yosef V Treves, "HaGadol" Rabbi head of the Jewish Court in Marseilles and later in Paris.
25th great grandfather Chief Rabbi Matityahu (III) Ashkenazi Treves. Chief rabbi of Paris and of France from 1360 to 1385.24th great grandmother Julia Minna Vergentlin Treves married Rabbi Shmuel Shapira Tosafist, liturgical poet, and philosopher, Marbitz Tora in the city of Ashpira, Rabbi, Speyer.
23rd great grandfather Rabbi Shlomo Shapiro of Heilbron
22nd great grandmother "Rabanit" Mariam bat Shlomo Shapiro "Vergentlin" was a highly intelligent and accomplished woman, praised for her scholarship and teaching, yet her contributions were largely erased from history. Despite giving public lectures and teaching halakhah, her teachings were not preserved. She married Rabbi Shimshon pre-Luria of Erfurt21st great grandfather Rabbi Yechiel Yehudah Luria First Rabbi of Brest-Litovak (Brisk), Chief Rabbi, Heilbron, Landau.
20th great grandfather Rabbi Nethanel Ben Yehiel pre- Luria Chief Rabbi of Mantua, Italy.19th great grandparents Rabbi Aharon ben Nethanel Luria (the First Luria) author of an Alsatian Talmudist an aggadic and mystical commentary on the Pentateuch, founded on Rashi. To this commentary was appended a dissertation in which Luria refuted the arguments advanced by Christians against Judaism.
18th great grandfatherRabbi Yechiel Yehuda ben Aharon Luria17th great grandfatherRabbi Avraham ben Yechiel Luria of Brisk
16th great grandfather Rabbi Yechiel Luria of Slutzk15th great grandfatherRabbi Shlomo Luria also known as Maharshal, was a prominent 16th-century rabbi and Talmudic scholar in Poland. Renowned for his critical analysis and commentary on the Talmud, Luria emphasized returning to the original sources and was influential in shaping the study of Jewish law during his time.
14th great grandmother Miriam Olga Maharshal lived in Krackow Poland.
13th great grandfather Rabbi Moshe Lazers Isserles.12th great grandmother Liba Elisabeth bat Zecharyah Isserl
11th great grandfather Rabbi Baruch Benedict HaLevi10th great grandfather Rabbi Jacob Lima HaLevi
9th great grandfather Rabbi Lehmann Lima HaLevi Strauss Hanau
8th great grandfather Rabbi Jacob HaLevi v' Hanau7th great grandfather Rabbi Isaac Jacob Hanau
6th great grandfather Rabbi Moyses Hanau5th great grandfather Rabbi Jacob Hanau
4th great grandfather Rabbi Salamon Hanau3rd great grandfather Rabbi Samuel Hanau
2nd great grandmother Johanna Karoline Anna Hanaugreat grandmother Betty Marx
grandfather Gaston Frankmother Evelyne Huller
Stephan Huller.