Friday, January 16, 2026

Eusebius "Secret Mark" Gospel Canons: Matthean Antitheses (Mt 5:21–48)

Eusebius indexes the six “you have heard… but I say” sayings (Mt 5:21–48) as follows (all section numbers from the Matthew table above):

  • “You have heard [law about] murder; I say….” (Mt 5:21–22): Section 35 (Canon X), covering Mt 5:19–24. Canon X = Matthew only, so Eusebius treats this as unique to Matthew (no parallel in Mark/Luke).

  • “You have heard [law about] adultery; I say….” (Mt 5:27–28, and related 31–32, 33–34): Section 37 (Canon X), covering Mt 5:27–39A. Canon X = Matthew only, so these antitheses are treated as Matthaean innovations with no Mark/Luke parallels.

  • “You have heard [law about] ‘eye for eye’; I say….” (Mt 5:38–39): The “eye for eye” clause (5:38–39a) is in §37 (Canon X), but Eusebius splits the teaching: the “slap on the cheek/denounce” clause (5:39b–40) falls in §38 (Canon V: Matt & Luke). Thus the first half is treated as Matthew-only, while the “turn the other cheek” part has a Luke parallel.

  • “You have heard [law about] enemy; I say….” (Mt 5:43–44): These are split: section 39 (Canon X) covers Mt 5:41–43 (Matthew only), and section 40 (Canon V) covers 5:44–45 (Matt. & Luke). In practice, “hate your enemies” is in §39 (unique), while “love your enemies” (5:44) is in §40 alongside Luke 6:27–28, indicating Eusebius saw a Luke parallel for the latter.

In summary, five of the six antitheses (Mt 5:21–22; 5:27–34; 5:38–39a; 5:43) fall in Canon X (Matthew only). The remaining parts (Mt 5:39b–40 and 5:44) are in Canon V (Matt. & Luke), showing Eusebius did find Luke parallels for the “turn cheek” and “love enemies” sayings. No antithesis appears with a Mark or John parallel in the canons, confirming these are treated largely as uniquely Matthaean or shared with Luke.



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