Tuesday, December 16, 2025

St. Mark Was an Apostle ... According to "Clement"

Provisional translation based on V12 (Vat. gr. 1506) with notable variants from other Greek manuscripts, the Latin Verona manuscript, and the Ethiopic text. 

On the twelve apostles: the places they preached and where they died (Ethiopic: History of the apostles, where they preached, who translated the words of each, how they died, and where they are buried; AV3 and B2 lack title; SP2 incomplete up to middle of entry on Andrew) 

1. Simon Peter, after preaching the gospel in the province of Pontus, in Galatia, Cappadocia, Bithynia, [AV3 adds: Italy] and Asia, was crucified under Nero [AV3 and Ethiopic add: upside down, as he wished. This is where he is buried]. 

2. Andrew preached to the Scythians, to the Sogdians and to the Sacae [all other Greek MSS and Ethiopic add: He died in Patras of Achaea]. 

3. James, son of Zebedee, perished by the sword under Herod the tetrarch, and died at Akeim (all other Greek MSS: Akeim; perhaps Acha/Achaia) of Marmarica. 

4. John preached in Asia; exiled to Patmos because of the word of God, he wrote there the gospel [Ethiopic has only: John, whom Jesus loved, the evangelist; all other Greek MSS and Ethiopic add: He died in Ephesus.] 

5. Philip preached in Phrygia and was crucified upside down [all other Greek MSS and Ethiopic lack “and was crucified upside down”]; he was laid to rest in Hierapolis of Asia [AV3 and Ethiopic add: with his four daughters].

6. Bartholomew preached to the Indians and gave them the Gospel according to Matthew. Skinned alive before his execution like a suckling animal, he was then beheaded like Paul. [For this last sentence all other Greek MSS and Ethiopic have instead: He died in Albanopolis of Armenia Major.]

7. Thomas preached to the Parthians, to the Medes, [all other Greek MSS and Ethiopic add: to the Persians], to the peoples of Carmania, Hyrkania, Bactria, and Margiana. [other Greek MSS and Ethiopic add: He died in the Indian town of Calamine (Ethiopic: Hellat).]

8. Matthew, after having written the Gospel in the Hebrew language, placed [it] in Sion [all other Greek MSS and Ethiopic lack “in Sion” and with Ethiopic they add: he died in hierei/reei of Parthia; SP2 has “Hierapolis of Syria”]. [AV3 and Ethiopic add:

8a. Mark preached to the Egyptians and to the inhabitants of Alexandria; the gospel he wrote in Rome was dictated to him by Peter. He died in Egypt, while he lived in the Capiton district; he was buried in Alexandria, in the Boukolou, inside a martyrium, with Victor, protomartyr of Lycopolis, who was moved by Alexander and deposited where all the bishops before Theonas rest.]

9. James, son of Alphaeus, called the Just, was stoned by the Jews in Jerusalem and is buried there near the temple.

10. Thaddaeus, also called Lebbaeus and Jude, preached [all other Greek MSS and Ethiopic add: the gospel] in Edesssa and throughout Mesopotamia; he died [all other Greek MSS lack “he died”] under Abgar, king of Edessa, and is buried in Beirut.

11. Simon the Canaanite [all other Greek MSS and Ethiopic lack “the Canaanite”], son of Cleophas, also called Jude, succeeded James the Just as bishop of Jerusalem; after living a hundred and twenty years, he suffered the martyrdom of the cross under Trajan.

12. Matthias [AV3 has: Matthew], one of the seventy disciples, is numbered with the eleven apostles in place of Judas Iscariot. [Ethiopic adds: He died and was buried in the city of Jerusalem.]

13. Paul began to preach from Jerusalem and continued until Illyria, in Italy and Spain; under Nero he was beheaded in Rome and is buried there. [B2 C1 and SP2 add the account of Mark from 8a here.]

14–16. Titus preached in Crete and the surrounding islands [Ethiopic adds: and died on that island]; Crescens, in Gaul; the Eunuch of Candace, Queen of Ethiopia, in Arabia Felix and in the island of Ceylon, which is in the Red Sea, and it is reported that he was martyred there. [B2 C1 and SP2 add: John the Baptist preached in Sebaste of Samaria. Their text ends here.]

17–24. Among the Savior’s apostles, the Seventy, were, according to what Clement relates in the fifth book of the Hypotyposes, Barnabas, Sosthenes, Cephas the namesake of Peter, Matthias who was reckoned with the Eleven, [V12 adds: Eubulus, Pudens, Crescens in the second (epistle to Timothy)] Barsabbas and Linus, who Paul mentions when writing to Timothy, Thaddaeus, Cleopas, and his companions.

25. The Gospel according to Matthew, written in the Hebrew language, was published by him in Jerusalem; it was translated by John.

26. The Gospel according to Mark was translated [AV3: dictated] in Rome by Peter.

27. The Gospel according to John, in the time of Trajan, was dictated by John himself, who wrote it under Commodus on the island of Patmos [AV3 lacks “on the island of Patmos”; John follows Luke in the Ethiopic, which has only: “The Gospel of John was translated by John into the Greek language”].

28. The Gospel according to Luke by Luke, a disciple of the apostle Paul, who the same apostle evokes in an epistle writing: “Luke the physician, my beloved brother, I greet you.” And the same evangelist also wrote the Acts of the Holy Apostles.


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